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1.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 83: 39429, 30 jan. 2024.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: biblio-1552358

ABSTRACT

O Comitê de Integridade na Pesquisa do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (CIPIAL), com o objetivo de promover a cultura da integridade científica como um dos valores fundamentais defendidos pela instituição nas suas atividades de pesquisa, considera relevante compartilhar com a comunidade científica a sua implantação, destacando o seu papel no gerenciamento deste tema na instituição. Após a publicação de seu regimento, de acordo com as suas competências primordiais, o CIPIAL elaborou e publicou o Código de Boas Práticas Científicas do IAL com o objetivo de definir as políticas de integridade para orientar os profissionais envolvidos com a pesquisa. (AU)


The Research Integrity Committee of the Adolfo Lutz Institute (CIPIAL), with the aim of promoting the culture of scientific integrity as one of the fundamental values defended by the institution in its research activities, considers it relevant to share its implementation with the scientific community, highlighting its role in managing this issue at the institution. Following the publication of its rules and regulations, in accordance with its core competencies, CIPIAL drew up and published the IAL Code of Good Scientific Practice with the aim of defining integrity policies to guide professionals involved in research. (AU)


Subject(s)
Research Personnel , Scientific Misconduct , Scientific Integrity Review , Ethics, Research
2.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 56: 1-10, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1377225

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Recognize incident infection to better characterize the groups that fuel HIV epidemic. We propose a simple score to identify recent infections among newly diagnosed patients as a HIV surveillance tool. METHODS Newly diagnosed patients were defined as recent infections when a negative serological test in the previous year was available. Laboratory tests, such as the avidity index (Bio-Rad, according to the CEPHIA protocol), chemiluminescent intensity (CMIA, architect, Abbott), and the nucleotide ambiguity index of partial pol sequences were used as proxies of recency. A simple score based on clinical symptoms of acute retroviral syndrome during the previous year, CD4+ T cell count, and viral load at admission was tested to assess the predictive power, using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, to identify recent cases of infection. RESULTS We evaluated 204 recently diagnosed patients who were admitted to the Ambulatório de Referência em Moléstias Infecciosas de Santo André (Santo André Reference Infectious Diseases Outpatient Clinic), in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, recruited between 2011 and 2018. An HIV-negative test in the year prior to enrollment was documented in 37% of participants. The proportion of cases classified as recent infections (less than one year), according to the laboratory proxies were: 37% (67/181) for an avidity index < 40%, 22% (30/137) for a CMIA < 200, and 68% (124/181) for an ambiguity index < 0.5%. Using different combinations of recency definitions, our score showed an area under the ROC curve from 0.66 to 0.87 to predict recency. CONCLUSIONS Using data from patients' interviews and routine laboratory tests at admission, a simple score may provide information on HIV recency and thus, a proxy for HIV incidence to guide public policies. This simple for the Brazilian public health system and other low- and middle-income countries.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Incidence , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Viral Load
3.
J Med Virol. ; 93(4405): 1-17, 2021.
Article in English | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1416783

ABSTRACT

One year into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID­19) pandemic, diagnosticstrategies, although central for contact tracing and other preventive measures, arestill limited. To meet the global demand, lower cost and faster antigen tests forsevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS­CoV­2) detection are aconvenient alternative to the gold standard reverse transcription­polymerase chainreaction (RT­PCR) assay. We tested laboratory­based RT­PCR RNA detection andtwo rapid antigen detection (RAD) tests, based on the immunochromatography testfor nucleocapsid protein of SARS­CoV­2 (COVID­19 Ag ECO Test, ECO Diagnóstica,and Panbio COVID­19 Ag Rapid Test Abbott). Paired collection and testing weredone in a small prospective open study in three clinical services in São Paulo,constituted of mostly symptomatic volunteers at collection (97%, 109/112) for amedian of 4 days (interquartile range: 3­6), ranging from 1 to 30. Among the108 paired RT­PCR/RAD tests, results were concordant in 96.4% (101/108). Thetest's performance was comparable, with an overall sensitivity of 87% and aspecificity of 96%. These observations add to other data that suggest that antigentests may provide reasonable sensitivity and specificity and deserve a role toimprove testing strategies, especially in resource­limited settings.


Subject(s)
Polymerase Chain Reaction , Contact Tracing , Coronavirus , Pandemics , Antigens
4.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 19(1): 44-48, jun 17, 2020. fig
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1358663

ABSTRACT

Introdução: a meningite bacteriana é um grave problema de Saúde Pública mundial, tendo como principais agentes: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae e Haemophilus influenzae. A metodologia de diagnóstico empregada no Instituto Adolfo Lutz ­ Centro de Laboratório Regional Santo André até o ano de 2011 era a contraimunoeletroforese (CIE), depois foi substituída pela reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (qPCR), que apresenta maior sensibilidade. Objetivo: este trabalho objetivou comparar ambas as metodologias no período de 2009 a 2018, para avaliação do impacto da introdução da qPCR no diagnóstico das meningites bacterianas nos 7 municípios da região do ABC do Estado de São Paulo. Metodologia: foram avaliadas a quantidade total de exames realizados, a média mensal, a positividade no período, os municípios requisitantes e a prevalência das bactérias causadoras de meningite, no período de abril/2009 até dezembro/2018. Resultados: Foram 377 exames de CIE e 1305 de qPCR, com média anual de 230 exames em 2010-2013 e 130 exames em 2014-2018. Observou-se aumento da positividade entre as técnicas, 17,8% para CIE e 33,8% para qPCR. N. meningitidis foi responsável pela maioria dos casos entre 2011 e 2013, cerca de 61% dos casos positivos, enquanto que entre 2014 e 2018 foi S. pneumoniae, cerca de 53%. Conclusão: os resultados indicaram que a qPCR foi mais eficiente em detectar os agentes causadores de meningite bacteriana na região do que a técnica de CIE. Por fim, este trabalho suporta a implantação da metodologia de qPCR para diagnóstico de meningite em substituição de técnicas menos sensíveis.


Introduction: bacterial meningitis is still a serious worldwide public health problem, and the main etiological agents are: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. The diagnostic methodology employed at the Adolfo Lutz Institute ­ Santo André Regional Laboratory Center until 2011 was the ounterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), then it was replaced by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), which is more sensitivity. Objective: this study aimed to compare both methodologies from 2009 to 2018 to evaluate the impact of the introduction of qPCR in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in the 7 cities of the ABC region of São Paulo State. Methodology: the total number of tests performed, the month average, the positivity in the period, the requesting cities and the prevalence of bacteria causing meningitis were evaluated from April/2009 to December/2018. Results: there were 377 CIE exams and 1305 qPCR exams, with an annual average of 230 exams in 2010-2013 and 130 exams in 2014-2018. There was an increase in positivity between the performed techniques, 17.8% for CIE and 33.8% for qPCR. N. meningitidis accounted for most cases of bacterial meningitis between 2011 and 2013, about 61% of positive cases, whereas between 2014 and 2018 it was S. pneumoniae, with about 53%. Conclusion: the results indicated that qPCR was more efficient in detecting the agents that cause bacterial meningitis in the region than the CIE technique. Finally, this work supports the implementation of qPCR methodology for diagnosis of meningitis in replacement of less sensitive techniques.


Subject(s)
Humans , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Counterimmunoelectrophoresis , Haemophilus influenzae , Meningitis, Bacterial , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Neisseria meningitidis , Database
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 50(1): 110-112, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041396

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Improving HIV diagnostics and treatment is necessary to end the AIDS epidemic. Pooled plasma can be used to identify patients with acute HIV disease, even before serological tests. During dengue outbreaks, patients having symptoms common to other acute viral diseases might seek medical care. METHODS: We evaluated HIV RNA in pooled seronegative dengue samples. RESULTS: After excluding individuals with a known HIV diagnosis, an HIV-1 prevalence of 0.73% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23-1.76; 4/546 samples] was found. CONCLUSIONS: Promoting strategies to diagnose these individuals and provide them with medical treatment might be instrumental for controlling the HIV epidemic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , RNA, Viral/blood , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Disease Outbreaks , HIV-1/genetics , Dengue/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Prevalence , Middle Aged
6.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: biblio-982783

ABSTRACT

Cultura de micobactérias proporciona o crescimento de bacilos viáveis, mesmo presentes emescassa quantidade e não detectados pela baciloscopia. Neste estudo foram analisadas as amostrasde escarro que apresentaram baciloscopia negativa e cultura positiva. As amostras foram coletadasde 2008 a 2013, de indivíduos detidos em Centros de Detenção Provisória de Santo André,Mauá e Diadema, Estado de São Paulo. As metodologias utilizadas foram baciloscopia porcoloração Ziehl-Neelsen e cultura pelo Sistema BACTEC MGIT 960 e Ogawa-Kudoh. Dos11.529 exames realizados, 221 (1,9 %) apresentaram baciloscopias negativas e culturas positivas.Dos 221 isolados, 166 (75,1 %) pertenciam ao Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 21 (9,5 %)micobactérias não membros do Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MNT), 33 (14,9 %)Mycobaterium sp e uma cultura mista do Complexo M. tuberculosis e M. avium. MNT maisfrequentes foram M. avium (23,8 %) e M. fortuitum (19,0 %). A maioria dos isolados do ComplexoM. tuberculosis (155/166 - 93,4 %) foi sensível aos antimicrobianos. Sete amostras apresentaramresistência à isoniazida e uma apresentou multirresistência à isoniazida e rifampicina. Este estudomostra a importância da realização da cultura em escarros que apresentam baciloscopia negativano diagnóstico da TB e micobacteriose. O tratamento tardio causa a continuidade da transmissãoda doença e agravamento do quadro clínico.


Culture of mycobacteria induces the growth of viable bacillus occurring in small quantity,which are no detectable by bacilloscopy. This study aimed at identifying the mycobacteria isolatesfrom sputum presenting negative bacilloscopy and positive culture. The samples were collectedfrom 2008 to 2013 from criminals of Provisional Detention Centers in Santo André, Mauáand Diadema/SP. Smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and the cultures were performedby the BACTEC MGIT 960 system and Ogawa-Kudoh culture medium. Of 11,529 isolates, 221(1.9 %) showed negative bacilloscopy and positive cultures. Of 221 isolates, 166 (75.1 %) belongedto Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, 21 (9.5 %) were nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM),33 (14.9 %) Mycobacterium sp, and one identified as a mixed culture of M. tuberculosis andM. avium complex. The most common NTM species were M. avium (23.8 %) and M. fortuitum(19.0 %). Most of the isolates (155/166-93.4 %) were susceptible to antimicrobial agents.Seven samples were resistant to isoniazid, and one presented multiresistance to isoniazid andrifampicin. This study shows the importance in performing sputum culture, when these samplesare negative on bacilloscopy in diagnosing TB and mycobacteriosis. The treatment delay resultsin the maintenance of disease transmission and worsening of clinical symptoms.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Prisons , Sputum , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Culture Techniques
7.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 75: 01-09, 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1489546

ABSTRACT

Cultura de micobactérias proporciona o crescimento de bacilos viáveis, mesmo presentes em escassa quantidade e não detectados pela baciloscopia. Neste estudo foram analisadas as amostras de escarro que apresentaram baciloscopia negativa e cultura positiva. As amostras foram coletadas de 2008 a 2013, de indivíduos detidos em Centros de Detenção Provisória de Santo André, Mauá e Diadema, Estado de São Paulo. As metodologias utilizadas foram baciloscopia por coloração Ziehl-Neelsen e cultura pelo Sistema BACTEC MGIT 960 e Ogawa-Kudoh. Dos 11.529 exames realizados, 221 (1,9 %) apresentaram baciloscopias negativas e culturas positivas. Dos 221 isolados, 166 (75,1 %) pertenciam ao Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 21 (9,5 %) micobactérias não membros do Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MNT), 33 (14,9 %) Mycobaterium sp e uma cultura mista do Complexo M. tuberculosis e M. avium. MNT mais frequentes foram M. avium (23,8 %) e M. fortuitum (19,0 %). A maioria dos isolados do Complexo M. tuberculosis (155/166 - 93,4 %) foi sensível aos antimicrobianos. Sete amostras apresentaram resistência à isoniazida e uma apresentou multirresistência à isoniazida e rifampicina. Este estudo mostra a importância da realização da cultura em escarros que apresentam baciloscopia negativa no diagnóstico da TB e micobacteriose. O tratamento tardio causa a continuidade da transmissão da doença e agravamento do quadro clínico.


Culture of mycobacteria induces the growth of viable bacillus occurring in small quantity, which are no detectable by bacilloscopy. This study aimed at identifying the mycobacteria isolates from sputum presenting negative bacilloscopy and positive culture. The samples were collected from 2008 to 2013 from criminals of Provisional Detention Centers in Santo André, Mauá and Diadema/SP. Smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and the cultures were performed by the BACTEC MGIT 960 system and Ogawa-Kudoh culture medium. Of 11,529 isolates, 221 (1.9 %) showed negative bacilloscopy and positive cultures. Of 221 isolates, 166 (75.1 %) belonged to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, 21 (9.5 %) were nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), 33 (14.9 %) Mycobacterium sp, and one identified as a mixed culture of M. tuberculosis and M. avium complex. The most common NTM species were M. avium (23.8 %) and M. fortuitum (19.0 %). Most of the isolates (155/166-93.4 %) were susceptible to antimicrobial agents. Seven samples were resistant to isoniazid, and one presented multiresistance to isoniazid and rifampicin. This study shows the importance in performing sputum culture, when these samples are negative on bacilloscopy in diagnosing TB and mycobacteriosis. The treatment delay results in the maintenance of disease transmission and worsening of clinical symptoms.


Subject(s)
Sputum/virology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Prisons , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Virus Cultivation , Culture Techniques
8.
São Paulo; s.n; 2005. 122 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-TESESESSP, SES-SP | ID: biblio-933128

ABSTRACT

Neisseria meningitidis ‚ um patógeno humano para o qual não existe uma vacina totalmente eficaz. As vacinas antimeningocócicas, produzidas a partir dos polissacarides capsulares do meningococo são efetivas contra os sorogrupos A e C, embora nos Estados Unidos, uma vacina quadrivalente contendo meningococos dos sorogrupos A, C, Y e W- 135 seja eficaz para indivíduos acima de dois anos de idade. No entanto, vacinas polissacarídicas apresentam limitações, pois não são imunogênicas em crianças abaixo de dois anos de idade e nas outras faixas etárias, a resposta imune‚ de curta duração. O desenvolvimento de uma vacina contra o sorogrupo B enfrenta um problema ainda maior devido à similaridade entre a estrutura capsular do polissacaride B e o cidopolisilico contendo glicopeptídeos que faz parte do tecido cerebral humano, podendo levar à autoimunidade. Por isso, os estudos atuais estão se voltando para a pesquisa de antígenos vacinais derivados da membrana externa do meningococo. Estudos promissores têm sido conduzidos para o desenvolvimento de uma vacina baseada nas proteínas de membrana externa (OMPs) de N. meningitidis B. As principais OMPs de N. meningitidis são designadas de classe 1 a classe 5. No entando, vacinas baseadas em OMP são antígenos fracos em crianças, sendo necessário o uso de adjuvantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as propriedadades adjuvantes da Bordetella pertussis, da toxina colérica e do LPS (imunotipos L8 e L379) em diferentes esquemas de imunização com a proteína de membrana externa de classe 5C purificada da cepa de referência 44/76 de N. meningitidis B e verificar a modulação da resposta imune contra esta proteína administrada pela via intranasal e intramuscular em camundongos BALB/c adultos e neonatos/ jovens. As amostras de soros de camundongos imunizados foram avaliadas quanto à presença de anticorpos específicos de isótipos IgG, IgM, IgA por meio de ELISA e Immunoblotting. Foram ainda, avaliados...


Subject(s)
Mice , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Antibody Affinity , Meningococcal Vaccines , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B , Administration, Intranasal , Immunization , Membrane Proteins
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